材料科学
电化学
电致变色
共聚物
表面改性
接受者
电子迁移率
水溶液
化学工程
聚合物
高分子化学
电极
光电子学
有机化学
物理化学
化学
物理
工程类
复合材料
凝聚态物理
作者
Shengyu Cong,Junxin Chen,Lewen Wang,Lu Lan,Shaobin Wang,Haojie Dai,Hailiang Liao,Yecheng Zhou,Yikai Yu,Jiayao Duan,Zhengke Li,Iain McCulloch,Wan Yue
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202201821
摘要
Abstract In this work, three n‐type donor–acceptor copolymers consisting of glycolated naphthalene tetracarboxylicdiimide (gNDI) coupled with variable donating companion moieties are reported. Using 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐ethylenedioxy)bithiophene, 2,2′‐bithiophene, 3,3′‐difluoro‐2,2′‐bithiophene (FBT), the donating strength of the donor units is systematically functionalized. These copolymers are used as a platform for aqueous‐based electrochemical devices, including energy‐storage devices, electrochromic devices (ECDs), and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). It is found that the electrochemical redox stability and electron mobility of copolymers are significantly improved via weakening the electron‐donating strength of donor units. gNDI coupling with FBT (gNDI‐FBT) exhibits a charge‐storage capacity exceeding 190 Fg −1 , which is the highest value reported to date for NDI‐based polymer electrodes in aqueous media. For ECDs, gNDI‐FBT remains 100% of initial electrochromism contrast ( ∆ % T = 20%) up to 1200 s. In addition, gNDI‐FBT outperforms its two analogs in OECTs, including lower threshold voltage (0.19 V), faster response time (45.5 ms), and higher volumetric capacitance (197 F cm −3 ). Moreover, gNDI‐FBT with fluorine atoms leads to the bipolarons delocalization along the polymer backbone and favorable molecular packing for ion–electron transport. Through such weak donor functionalization strategy, this work provides ways for n‐type copolymers tuning to access desirable performance metrics in optical, electrochemical, and bioelectronic applications.
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