CO2 capture and utilization with solid waste

Nowadays, the massive consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting excessive emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) have broken the original carbon balance of nature, resulting in global warming and the consequent detrimental environmental impacts. To address these issues, various initiatives have been proposed, among which CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) is considered as the direct way to mitigate the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere. Although a plethora of CO2 capture reagents and utilization routes have been developed, the cost of CO2 capture reagents as well as the amount of CO2 utilization still encounters limitations. Recently, CCU with solid wastes have attracted sustained attention due to its ability to synchronize CO2 fixation with solid wastes utilization. Especially, the huge amount and low cost of the solid wastes can promote the economic fixation of CO2 and thus contribute significantly to the carbon sink. Given the tremendous utility of this strategy, this review article summarizes the state-of-the-art of CO2 capture and utilization with solid wastes such as steel slag, concrete waste, fly ash, red mud, calcium carbide residue, and biomass etc. And three parts including CO2 mineralization, solid waste-based catalyst promoted CO2 transformation, and collaborative transformation of CO2 and solid waste are introduced according to the roles of solid waste in CO2 utilization. We hope this review can arouse broad concern and spur further development in this field.