停留时间分布
连续反应器
分散性
聚合物
层流
聚合
停留时间(流体动力学)
干扰素
摩尔质量
化学
体积流量
流量(数学)
化学工程
材料科学
高分子化学
热力学
机械
有机化学
催化作用
明渠流量
物理
岩土工程
工程类
作者
Marcus H. Reis,Travis P. Varner,Frank A. Leibfarth
出处
期刊:Macromolecules
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2019-05-03
卷期号:52 (9): 3551-3557
被引量:85
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00454
摘要
Continuous-flow chemistry is emerging as an enabling technology for the synthesis of precise polymers. Recent advances in this rapidly growing field have hastened a need for a fundamental understanding of how fluid dynamics in tubular reactors influence polymerizations. Herein, we report a comprehensive study of how laminar flow influences polymer structure and composition. Tracer experiments coupled with in-line UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrate how viscosity, tubing diameter, and reaction time affect the residence time distribution (RTD) of fluid in reactor geometries relevant for continuous-flow polymerizations. We found that the breadth of the RTD has strong, statistical correlations with reaction conversion, polymer molar mass, and dispersity for polymerizations conducted in continuous flow. These correlations were demonstrated to be general to a variety of different reaction conditions, monomers, and polymerization mechanisms. Additionally, these findings inspired the design of a droplet flow reactor that minimizes the RTD in continuous-flow polymerizations and enables the continuous production of well-defined polymers at a rate of 1.4 kg/day.
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