Pyrolytic carbon felt electrode Inhibits Formation of Zinc Dendrites in Zinc Bromine Flow Batteries

Zinc bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) can provide energy storage with a high energy density and good efficiency, at moderate costs. However, faster technical development at a large scale have restricted faster development. In particular, in the charging process, uneven deposition of zinc easily forms zinc dendrites and pierces the separator to cause serious self-discharge of the battery, which greatly reduces the coulombic efficiency and service life. Pyrolytic method can improve the electrochemical properties of the carbon felt (CF) and effectively promote the uniform deposition of zinc in the ZBFBs. In this work, we found that the zinc deposits formed on the CF surface after calcined at 500 °C are tight and uniform, and the deposition quality is much better than that of the untreated ones. In terms of performance, compared with the original CF as the negative electrode of the zinc-bromine battery, operating at a current density of 40 mA cm -2 , the coulombic efficiency increased from 91.8% to 99.3%, and the energy efficiency increased from 71.8% to 81.9%. Even at a current density of 80 mA cm -2 , the energy efficiency is as high as 69.8%.