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Different Efflux Pump Systems in Acinetobacter baumannii and Their Role in Multidrug Resistance

流出 鲍曼不动杆菌 多重耐药 微生物学 抗药性 抗生素 抗生素耐药性 生物 主要促进者超家族 细菌 多药耐药相关蛋白 铜绿假单胞菌 ATP结合盒运输机 运输机 生物化学 遗传学 基因
作者
Saroj Sharma,Vaishali Kaushik,Mukta Kulshrestha,Vishvanath Tiwari
出处
期刊:Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 卷期号:: 155-168 被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1007/5584_2023_771
摘要

Several infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), as well as bloodstream, skin, and soft tissue infections, are caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, a nosocomial pathogen and Gram-negative coccobacillus. Due to its resistance to a variety of medications, multidrug therapy, and occasionally pan therapies, this bacterium is a huge public health concern. Drug resistance is a big worry not only in A. baumannii, but it is also a major challenge in many other diseases. Antibiotic resistance, biofilm development, and genetic alterations are all linked to variables like the efflux pump. Efflux pumps are transport proteins involved in the extrusion of hazardous substrates from within cells into the external environment (including nearly all types of therapeutically relevant antibiotics). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as eukaryotic organisms, contain these proteins. Efflux pumps may be specialized for a single substrate or can transport a variety of structurally dissimilar molecules (including antibiotics of many classes); these pumps have been linked to multiple drug resistance (MDR). There are five primary families of efflux transporters in the prokaryotic kingdom: MF (major facilitator), MATE (multidrug and toxic efflux), RND (resistance-nodulation-division), SMR (small multidrug resistance), and ABC (ATP-binding cassette). The efflux pumps and their types as well as the mechanisms of an efflux pump involved in multidrug resistance in bacteria have been discussed here. The main focus is on the variety of efflux pumps commonly found in A. baumannii, along with their mechanism by which they make this bacteria drug resistant. The efflux-pump-inhibitor-based strategies that are significant in targeting efflux pumps in A. baumannii have also been discussed. The connection of biofilm and bacteriophage with the efflux pump can prove as an efficient strategy for targeting efflux-pump-based resistance in A. baumannii.
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