[Chinese expert consensus on the management of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) often have co-existent systemic diseases(comorbidities), among which cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common. The interactions between COPD and CVD are manifested in shared risk factors, disease severity, common symptoms, risks for exacerbations and disease progression, as well as therapeutic interventions. However, there is a knowledge gap in the management of COPD comorbidities. This expert consensus aims to increase the awareness, and to promote early diagnosis and proper management of cardiovascular comorbidities of COPD in medical professionals in China. The experts recommend that differential diagnosis should be performed for exertional dyspnea, a common symptom of COPD and cardiovascular diseases especially heart failure. Screening for cardiovascular diseases is needed in patients with COPD, and should be managed accordingly. COPD and comorbid CVD should be treated according to usual guidelines. Patients with COPD tolerate well to most of the medications for CVD. Selective β1-blockers for cardiovascular diseases are not contraindicated in COPD, but should be initiated from lower doses, and symptoms of airflow limitation be monitored. Likewise, β2-agonists and antimuscarinic drugs for COPD are generally safe for patients with comorbid CVD. Optimization of COPD management can improve heart function and cardiovascular outcomes.慢性阻塞性肺疾病（简称慢阻肺）常与其他疾病共存（合并症），其中以心血管疾病合并症最为常见。心血管疾病与慢阻肺之间相互影响，表现在患病风险、疾病严重程度、急性加重风险与疾病进展、治疗药物的相互影响等。目前临床上普遍存在对慢阻肺合并症的认识不足。本专家共识的主要目的是提高医务人员对慢阻肺心血管合并症的认识，就识别和恰当处理心血管合并症提出建议，同时希望激励更多关于慢阻肺心血管合并症的研究，为未来更好地进行个体化治疗提供科学依据。共识提出慢阻肺的主要临床表现-劳力性呼吸困难也可见于心血管疾病特别是心力衰竭，需要进行鉴别。对于慢阻肺患者，应主动筛查是否存在心血管合并症，在治疗时予以兼顾。当慢阻肺与心血管疾病并存时，两者原则上均应按照相应的指南进行稳定期的长期管理。慢阻肺患者对大多数心血管疾病药物治疗的耐受性良好，针对心血管疾病治疗使用选择性β1受体阻滞剂，慢阻肺不是禁忌，宜从小剂量起始，密切监测气道阻塞症状。同样，针对慢阻肺的治疗药物β2受体激动剂和抗胆碱能药物不增加心血管事件的发生。共识强调优化慢阻肺管理可改善心功能和心血管疾病预后。.