Biological drugs for the treatment of children with chronic spontaneous urticaria

There is a significant prevalence of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in children across the globe. Some children with CSU do not achieve disease control with first-line antihistamine treatment and may need anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab. Recently, several novel treatment options, including dupilumab and BTK inhibitors, showed promising results in the treatment of antihistamine-refractory CSU in adults. However, information regarding their use in pediatric CSU is scarce, and most data is extrapolated from adult studies.