Alkylation of Aniline with Benzyl Alcohol by Using Ni/O‐Clay: Kinetic Studies

Abstract This study investigates the alkylation of aniline using benzyl alcohol over a Ni (30)/O‐clay catalyst, focusing on optimizing reaction conditions and understanding the reaction kinetics. The catalyst demonstrated 70% conversion of aniline with 75% selectivity toward benzylideneaniline (BDA) at 343 K in a 6‐hour reaction time. Catalyst characterization was performed using BET, NH 3 ‐TPD, XRD, and FE‐SEM techniques, revealing a mesoporous structure with strong and medium acidic sites that enhance catalytic activity. Key parameters influencing the reaction, including temperature, molar ratio, catalyst loading, oxidants, and solvents, were systematically investigated. The Weisz‐Prater criterion confirmed the absence of mass transfer resistance, and kinetic studies validated the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson (LHHW) mechanism. The activation energy was calculated and found to be 37 kcal/mol. The Ni (30)/O‐clay catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining activity and selectivity up to four reaction cycles. This work highlights the potential of Ni‐organoclay catalyst for green, cost‐effective synthesis of alkylated aniline derivatives, paving the way for sustainable and efficient industrial processes. The results emphasize the importance of heterogeneous catalysts in enhancing selectivity and minimizing by‐products in environmentally friendly chemical transformations.