New research advances and future prospect in precision treatment of triple-negative breast cancer

According to the latest data released by the Cancer Research Institute of the World Health Organization, breast cancer has replaced lung cancer as the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate in the world. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by a lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Compared with other types of breast cancer, TNBC bears the characteristics of high metastasis rate, strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. TNBC is not sensitive to endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy, and chemotherapy is its main systemic treatment. With the vigorous development of genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, microbiomics technologies and the in-depth study of TNBC molecular subtyping, targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) antibody-drug conjugate, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, etc., have provided new therapeutic methods, which are changing the clinical practice and treatment pattern of TNBC. It is believed accurate therapy will become a new direction of development in the future. Based on the molecular subtypes of TNBC, here we summarized the research advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy of TNBC, in order to provide reference for the precise treatment strategy of TNBC in the future.