Green synthesis of hawthorn polysaccharide-stabilized Pd@Ru nanozymes for sensitive colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticides

NPs enabled rapid and sensitive detection of glyphosate, with a detection limit as low as 0.179 ng/mL and a linear range of 0.0002-200 μg/mL. The biosensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and recovery, offering promising potential for bioanalytical applications and contributing to the development of environmentally friendly, cost-effective technologies for detecting OPs residues.