[A decade's review for membrane anatomy: the setting,events in it, order formed by primary fascia and serous membrane].

The successful report of total mesorectal excision (TME)/complete mesocolic excision (CME) has encouraged people to apply this concept beyond colorectal surgery. However, the negative results of the JCOG1001 trial denied the effect of complete resection of the "mesogastrium" including the greater omentum on the oncological survival of gastric cancer patients. People even believe that the mesentery is unique in the intestine, because they have a vague understanding of the structure of the mesentery. The discovery of proximal segment of the dorsal mesogastrium (PSDM) proved that the greater omentum is not the mesogastrium, and further revised the structure (definition) of the mesentery and revealed its container characteristics, i.e. the mesentery is an envelope-like structure, which is formed by the primary fascia (and serosa) that enclose the tissue/organ/system and its feeding structures, leading to and suspended on the posterior wall of the body. Breakdown of this structure leads to the simultaneous reduction of surgical and oncological effects of surgery. People quickly realized the universality of this structure and causality which cannot be matched by the existing theories of organ anatomy and vascular anatomy, so a new theory and surgical map- membrane anatomy began to form, which led to radical surgery upgraded from histological en bloc resection to anatomic en bloc resection.结直肠外科全直肠系膜切除和完整结肠系膜切除的成功报道，推动了人们将这一理念应用到肠外区域，而JCOG1001试验的阴性结果，否认了基于大网膜切除的“胃系膜”完整切除对胃癌患者术后生存的作用。人们甚至以为系膜为肠道独有，其背后的原因是人们对系膜的结构认识模糊。胃背侧系膜近侧段的发现，证明了大网膜不是胃系膜，进而订正了系膜的结构（定义）和“载体”特征，即系膜是固有筋膜和浆膜，包绕着组织、器官、系统及其供养系统，通向和悬挂于体后壁的信封样结构，并揭示了打破该结构将导致手术的外科学和肿瘤学效果同步降低。据此人们很快意识到，这种结构和因果的普遍性，是已有的器官解剖和血管解剖理论无法解释的。于是，新的解剖理论和手术版图——“膜解剖”开始形成，使长期以来强调的“组织学整块切除”理念上升至解剖学整块切除的维度。.