Calcium oxide/silica nanocomposite and L. coromandelica bark incorporated κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel for rapid hemostasis

Hemorrhage stands out as a leading factor contributing to fatalities in trauma cases. Hemorrhage is associated with the process of hemostasis. Hemostasis is the primary stage of wound healing. Hydrogels can aid in hemostasis and minimize the duration of wound healing. Calcium is one of the clotting factors and is a key component for the activation of the coagulation cascade. In this work, we have developed a polymeric hydrogel matrix made up of κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate containing a calcium silica nanocomposite and a natural drug, namely the bark of L. coromandelica. The nanocomposite was characterized using various modalities such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and HRTEM. The rheological and morphological properties of the pure and composite hydrogels were examined. The antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility and hemostatic efficacy of the materials were studied using various in vitro assays including bacterial growth curve analysis, colony counting, anti-biofilm assay, hemolysis assay and in vivo clotting studies. The drug incorporated nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited superior activity in animal models.