Orbital Angular Momentum Based Sensing and Their Applications: A Review

This paper provides a technical review regarding the latest progress on orbital angular momentum (OAM) based sensing technologies in many diverse applications. OAM has a unique property of a variety of helically phased beams, covering a wide range of electromagnetic waves, which can be utilized in biomedical sensors with photoacoustic tomography, enhancing the Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) applications for environmental remote sensing such as wind turbulence detection and autonomous driving, as well as providing new insights into fiber optic sensors for health diagnosis of architectural structures with multi-parameter discriminative proficiency and superior resolution. The technical challenges and future perspectives of OAM sensors are also discussed.