Improvements in drug delivery and monitoring of diseases in biotherapeutics

VHH nanobodies were discovered almost 25 years ago and have been used to specifically target cells in cancer therapy and to develop novel antimicrobials.[1][2][3][4] Nanobodies, recombinant, antigen-specific, singledomain, variable Ig fragments of Camelid (Camelus dromarius, Camelus bactrianus, Lama glama, Lama pacos, Lama guanicoe and Lama vicugna) heavy chain-only antibodies are affinity bioreagents that have been produced in high yield in a broad range of expression systems.[1][2][3] The ability of nanobodies to specifically target unique epitopes with subnanomolar affinity, and to penetrate dense solid tumours make them a powerful tool in medical therapeutic procedures and in tumour pathobiology.2,[5][6][7]