Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,misdiagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment of penicillium marneffei.Method One case of penicillium marneffei was reported and the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and therapy of penicillium marneffei were discussed and the relevant literature was reviewed.Result The major cause of delayed diagnosis of this case includes lacking of recognition to penicillium marneffei and delayed etiological examination.Conclusions Penicillium marneffei can be cured when diagnosed and treated in time.