External short circuit fault diagnosis for lithium-ion batteries

In this paper, a diagnostic method for identifying an external short circuit (ESC) fault for a lithium-ion battery is developed based upon active characterization experiments and online validation. The proposed method examines three criteria: voltage variation, current variation and temperature change rate. These criteria can be used to identify the fault independent of the battery state of charge (SoC) when an ESC fault occurs. Experimental results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed diagnostic method.