Self‐Esteem

This chapter contains sections titled: What Is Self-Esteem? How Is Self-Esteem Measured? What Are the Basic Demographic Correlates of Self-Esteem? How Is Self-Esteem Related to Other Individual Differences Constructs? Is Self-Esteem Associated with Life Outcomes? Further Reflections on the Debate over the Benefits of Self-Esteem Is Self-Esteem a State or a Trait? What Are the Age-Related Differences in Self-Esteem a cross the Life Span? Is Self-Esteem a Universal Construct or a By-Product of Individualistic Cultures? Conclusions References