Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is an inflammatory cascade process involving the interaction of multiple factors. In recent years, more and more evidence suggests that NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, an important component of the innate immune system, is closely associated with the inflammatory damage of MI/RI. Furthermore, blockage of NLRP3 inflammasome or the release of its downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines may provide new therapeutic targets for this disorder.