Leveraging metal sites in doped metal halide perovskites for enhanced photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with unique structures and excellent photoelectric properties are deemed promising photocatalytic materials to eliminate the rising environmental and energy issues. However, MHPs often suffer from poor stability, fast charge carrier recombination rates, a deficiency of active sites, and band gap mismatch. The structure and electronic properties of MHPs can be regulated through metal doping strategies and used in various photocatalytic applications. A desired landscape on the relationships of doping strategies-properties-functional applications of MHPs has yet to be presented in a systematic exposition and summary, which is critical for the rational design of metal-doped MHPs. This review first briefly introduces the structural features of MHPs and then discusses the effects generated by different types of metal doping, including main group metal doping, transition metal doping, and rare earth metal doping. Subsequently, various preparation methods for doped MHPs and applications in photocatalytic energy transformation and environmental remediation are summarized. Finally, we present the remaining challenges and future opportunities in the development of metal-doped MHPs for photocatalysis. We believe this review will stimulate deeper research on doping strategies, properties, regulation, and functional application interplays and accelerate more extensive applications of metal-doped MHPs within the thrilling area of photocatalysis.