COFs, MOFs, HOFs, SOFs and XOFs: commonalities and differences

Organic framework materials have gained attention for their intriguing structures, diverse applications, and porous materials with open frameworks. Over the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in the development and utilization of these materials across various fields, including adsorption, separation, sensing, energy storage, drug delivery, photovoltaics, and catalysis. This review focuses on covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs), and halogen-bonded organic frameworks (XOFs) and underscoring the advancements in their respective fields of research. Meanwhile, the differences and commonalities in the structures, properties, and application scenarios between these organic framework materials are compared in depth. Finally, we offer insights into the future prospects for the development of organic framework materials.