A multifunctional wearable hydrogel-based charge-trapping TENG enabling electrophysiological signal monitoring and high-efficiency energy harvesting with enhanced stability

only decreases by 16% after heating at 150 °C for 1 h, by 25% after exposure to 60% relative humidity for 1 h, and by 22% after 5000 contact-separation cycles, indicating excellent endurance and long-term durability. Subsequently, EWCI was applied to a wearable hydrogel-based charge-trapping TENG (HCTEG) for efficient energy harvesting from body movements and reliable electrophysiological signal monitoring. This capability was demonstrated by charging a capacitor of 0.47 μF from 0 to 20 V in only 228 s and high-quality electrophysiological signal acquisition (signal-to-noise ratio ≥23 dB).