Initial management of haemorrhagic war casualties: tactical priorities and innovative approaches in modern and future warfare

The integration of haemorrhage control, targeted resuscitation, and logistical innovation defines the modern approach to managing war-related haemorrhagic shock. While challenges remain in evidence generation and field implementation, emerging practices-grounded in operational experience-are progressively improving survival. Ongoing investment in research, training, and technological adaptation will be essential to reducing preventable deaths on future battlefields.