Atomic Force Microscopy in Cellular Biomechanics: A Review

The study of mechanical properties of cells plays an important role in the understanding of complex mechanical behaviors of cells in living conditions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides a standard and reliable instrument for detecting and characterizing the structures and mechanical properties of living cells in aqueous environments. Here, Young's modulus, adhesion force, and stiffness of cell surface are reviewed to clarify the relationship and interaction between cellular condition and mechanics. However, there are still some limitations that need to be overcome in the mechanical measurement of AFM, especially in Young's modulus measurement. Therefore, developing novel biomechanical models specifically optimized for cellular sample characterization is critically needed.