Low-content Ru–Pt supported on oxygen vacancy enriched black TiO2 with strong electronic interactions as efficient hydrogen generation electrocatalysts

Ultrafast quasi-solid microwave (60 s) is employed to achieve phosphorus-doped black TiO 2 supported Ru and Pt (Ru–Pt/P–TiO 2− x ) for the HER with an overpotential of 14 mV at 10 mA cm −2 in an acidic electrolyte.