TFAM Deficiency‒Mediated Mitochondrial Disorder Affects Langerhans Cell Maintenance and Function

The skin is the outermost organ and confers biophysical and immunological protection from the external environment (Kabashima et al., 2019). Increased susceptibility to skin infections and rising incidence of cutaneous tumors observed in the elderly indicate that skin immunity decreased with age (Chambers and Vukmanovic-Stejic, 2020). Langerhans cells (LCs), characterized by high expression of Langerin (CD207) (Seré et al., 2012), are professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells that reside in the epidermis, which form the first immunological barrier and play a vital role in maintaining skin homeostasis (Doebel et al., 2017; Kaplan, 2017).