Prolonged lifespan of initial-anode-free lithium-metal battery by pre-lithiation in Li-rich Li2Ni0.5Mn1.5O4spinel cathode

Benefiting from highly reversible structure evolution of pre-lithiated Li-rich Li 2 Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode, the corresponding anode-free pouch cell delivers a considerable energy density of 350 W h kg −1 and 97% capacity retention after 50 cycles.