Mucin 4 expression is associated with metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer and can be tackled by soluble TNF blockade, improving immunotherapy outcome

We proved the existence of a sTNF/MUC4 axis in TNBC that can be actionable by sTNF neutralization, preventing metastasis. We suggest that MUC4 is a suitable biomarker to guide immunotherapy in TNBC, together with the administration of sTNF blocking drugs to improve outcome.