Orthogonal decoupling of an ionic-electronic transport microarchitectured vertical array cathode for flexible sodium-ion batteries

Vertically-aligned Na₃V₂O₂(PO₄)₂F cathodes with orthogonal ion/electron pathways exhibit enhanced Na⁺ diffusion (5.8 × 10^-12 m² s^-1), delivering 131 mA h g^-1 at 0.2C, 85 mA h g^-1 at 5C, and 96% capacity retention after 1000 cycles for flexible energy storage.