A Study of Thermal Damages in Living Tissue Based on Nonequilibrium Bioheat Transfer Due to Laser Irradiation

The dual-phase lag (DPL) hypothesis, which takes into consideration nonequilibrium heat transport in live tissue when it is subjected to laser irradiation, is the subject of this work, which gives mathematical solutions for the hypothesis. Achieving this resolution involves volume averaging on the local instantaneous energy formulations pertaining to tissues and blood. Analytical solutions are obtained in the Laplace domain. The extent of thermal injury to the tissues is evaluated by determining the range of denatured proteins, employing the Arrhenius formulations. Comparing the analytical solution with experimental and numerical data validates its correctness. The findings show that under zero delay times for both, the generalized DPL theory is equivalent to the Pennes bioheat theory. Moreover, the validation of the mathematical model’s efficacy in assessing bioheat in living tissue is confirmed through a comparison with existing experimental studies.