Job preferences of Chinese primary health care workers: A discrete choice experiment

Objective Primary health workers (PHWs) are a critical pillar of health systems but primary health care centers often struggle to attract and retain talented staff. To better understand why this is, we investigated the job preference of PHWs in a Chinese urban setting. Methods In a discrete choice experiment, PHWs from 15 primary health care centers in Guangzhou, China, made trade-offs between several hypothetical job scenario combinations of salary, type of health institution, bianzhi (permanent post), work years required for promotion, career development and training opportunities, educational opportunities for children, and community respect. Based on the estimate of the mixed logit model, willingness to pay and policy simulations were applied to estimate the utility of each attribute. Results Data were collected from 446 PHWs. The PHWs were willing to forgo Chinese Renminbi 2806.1 (US$ 438.5) per month to obtain better education opportunities for their children, making it the most important non-monetary factor. Their preferences were also influenced relatively more by salary, bianzhi, and community respect, than with the other attributes we tested for, work years required for promotion, career development and training opportunities, and type of health institution. Conclusion Salary is a robust predictive factor, while three non-monetary factors (opportunities for children’s education, bianzhi, and community respect) are essential in retaining health workers in primary care.