Research Progress and Applications of Electrochromic Materials and Devices

As a functional material, electrochromic materials can change their color by regulating the absorption or reflection of light at a small driving voltage. According to the characteristics of color control, electrochromic devices have shown great potential in the fields of green buildings, intelligent displays, energy storage equipment, and military camouflage. Despite the continuous progress in related fields, how to make electrochromic devices truly achieve the ideal comprehensive performance has always been a long-term issue. This paper briefly summarizes the types and mechanisms of electrochromic materials, then introduces the basic structure composition and characteristic requirements of electrochromic devices. Reviewing the main problems faced in the applications of electrochromic devices, such as long response time, insufficient coloration efficiency, poor cycle stability, and insufficient durability. What's more, the latest ideas and achievements proposed to solve these problems are summarized, hoping to enlighten readers. Finally, the future development direction of electrochromic technology is prospected.