DNA nanotechnology in tumor liquid biopsy: Enrichment and determination of circulating biomarkers

Abstract Monitoring tumor biomarkers in a non‐invasive manner for tumor diagnosis has attracted increasing attention. Liquid biopsy mainly includes three types of biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, and circulating nucleic acids. These biomarkers released by tumor cells can travel to other parts of the circulation system. The analysis of circulating tumor markers in the circulation enables early tumor diagnosis, progression evolution, and treatment monitoring, which are important for individualized clinical decisions. In this study, we summarize different DNA nanotechnology strategies that can be used to capture, amplify, and measure circulating biomarkers and discuss the current challenges and outlook.