Canine Viral Enteritis

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the most common cause of viral enteritis in dogs, but enteric canine coronavirus and canine distemper virus must also be considered as possible viral etiologies. Because CPV-2 is the most clinically relevant of the canine enteric viruses, this chapter focuses on its characteristics, pathogenesis, and management. It provides a table showing comparison of CPV-2 with some of the other canine enteric viruses. Diagnosis of parvoviral enteritis is best accomplished by observation of clinical signs along with detection of CPV-2 antigen or DNA in feces or rectal swab specimens. Polymerase chain reaction-based tests are more sensitive than antigen tests and can be used to identify the variant of the infecting CPV. Therapy for CPV-2 enteritis consists of aggressive supportive care to correct hydration, hypoglycemia, and electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia, control pain and maintain nutrition.