骨化三醇受体
麦角钙化醇
维生素D与神经学
骨化三醇
胆钙化醇
视黄醇X受体
维生素
代谢物
免疫系统
内分泌学
内科学
受体
脂肪组织
化学
生物
药理学
核受体
生物化学
免疫学
医学
转录因子
基因
作者
Mónica R Meza-Meza,Adolfo I Ruiz-Ballesteros,Ulises De la Cruz-Mosso
标识
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2020.1862753
摘要
Vitamin D can be obtained from the endogenous synthesis in the epidermis by exposure to UVB light, and from foods and supplements in the form of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). The main metabolite used to measure vitamin D serum status is calcidiol [25(OH)D]. However, its active metabolite calcitriol [1α,25(OH)2D] performs pleiotropic effects in the cardiovascular, neurological, and adipose tissue as well as immune cells. Calcitriol exerts its effects through genomic mechanisms modulated by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) complex, to bind to vitamin D response elements (VDRE) in target genes of several cells such as activated T and B lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells; besides of its genomic mechanisms, VDR performs novel non-genomic mechanisms that involve its membrane expression and soluble form; highlighting that vitamin D could be an immunomodulatory nutrient that plays a key role during physiological and pathological events. Therefore, the aim of this comprehensive literature review was to describe the most relevant findings of vitamin D dietary sources, absorption, synthesis, metabolism, and factors that influence its serum status, signaling pathways, and biological effects of this immunonutrient in the health and disease.
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