Current and future perspectives of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles based controlled drug delivery systems

Magnetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (MDDSs) are gaining popularity over other known systems due to their superior biocompatibility and versatile loading capabilities. MDDSs are generally made up of iron oxide (Fe3O4, Fe2O3, etc.) superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Organic or inorganic alterations can be used to functionalize their surface for effective control over and drug delivery to the targeted place. The mechanism of MDDSs is more advanced than other drug delivery systems due to their strong targeting power and lesser side effects. MDDSs can be created by targeted ligand assembling, magnetic nanoparticle assemblage and loading of drugs. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and associated assemblages are reported as one of the innovative delivery methods due to their sensitive responsiveness to external magnetic fields. This paper is focused on magnetic and physicochemical properties of the ideal systems designed for drug delivery that fit in the criteria of unique medical applications. The surface alterations and functionalization concerns that come up when building complicated MDDSs for future clinical application are also discussed in this article. Finally, this discussion includes surface coating of magnetic nanoparticles with polymers, liposomes, silica etc. for their use as MDDSs in cancer detection and therapy. This study also highlights the challenges and latest developments in MDDSs delivery systems.