医学
面骨
轮廓
下颌骨(节肢动物口器)
面部对称
面部外伤
还原(数学)
外科
截骨术
牙科
口腔正畸科
属
工程制图
工程类
生物
植物
数学
几何学
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.fsc.2021.07.001
摘要
The major needs for cosmetic facial bone surgery come from anatomic differences in facial shape and in personal preference. Especially when consulting patients with different national or ethnic backgrounds, careful attention should be paid during consultation for the ideal or desirable facial shape that they have in mind. Patients generally seek a slim and smooth-contoured face. Surgery of the cosmetic facial bone has developed from surgical experiences in facial bone trauma and congenital anomalies. A limited approach is recommended for satisfactory aesthetic outcome. Surgeons should understand the basic procedures of L-shaped osteotomy of the zygoma and intraoral mandible reduction.
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