非定型抗精神病薬
迟发性运动障碍
精神病
利培酮
抗精神病药
APDS
精神分裂症(面向对象编程)
抗胆碱能
5-羟色胺能
医学
氯氮平
抗精神病薬
心理学
精神科
药理学
内科学
血清素
工程类
受体
电气工程
雪崩光电二极管
探测器
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Medicine
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2013-01-14
卷期号:64 (1): 393-406
被引量:333
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-050911-161504
摘要
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are best classified as typical or atypical. The distinction is based solely on their ability to cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), including tardive dyskinesia (TD). The two classes differ in mechanism of action, with atypical APDs providing important modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission. TD increases the death rate and can be minimized by limiting use of typical APDs. Clozapine is unique among the atypical APDs in its efficacy for ameliorating psychosis in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), for reduction of suicide, and for improving longevity. The typical and atypical APDs do not differ in improving psychopathology in non-TRS. The atypicals vary in metabolic side effects: some have little burden. Cognitive benefits of the atypical APDs may be superior for some domains of cognition and require less use of anticholinergic drugs, which impair memory, for treatment of EPS. Overall, choosing among the atypical APDs as first-line treatment represents the best course for schizophrenia and most likely other disorders for which APDs are used.
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