Abstract : This article provides an overview of photothermal techniques to probe materials with the emphasis on the use of probe beam refraction techniques to detect photothermal refractive index gradients. Physical insights into the quantification of the photothermal signal for important cases are provided, significant application areas are reviewed, and recent literature is surveyed. Keywords: Photothermal, Spectroscopy, Review, Overview, Probe beam, Refraction, Refractive index, Photoacoustic, Nondestructive materials evaluation, Flow, Velocity, Flame diagnostics.