Improvement of aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of luteolin: a nanosuspension approach

OBJECTIVE: Luteolin (LT), a naturally occurring flavonoid and biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) Class II compound, holds broad pharmacological potential. However, its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility and low intestinal permeability. This study aimed to enhance LT's solubility and oral bioavailability by formulating a nanosuspension using anti-solvent precipitation combined with ultrasonication. SIGNIFICANCE: Improving the dissolution and absorption of poorly soluble phytoconstituents like LT, is critical to translate their pharmacological promise into effective oral therapies. A nanosuspension-based strategy offers a scalable and efficient approach to overcome bioavailability barriers. METHODS: . RESULTS: pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated a significant increase in oral bioavailability. CONCLUSION: The anti-solvent precipitation-ultrasonication method effectively enhanced the solubility and bioavailability of LT. This nanosuspension approach provides a practical and scalable pathway to advance poorly soluble phytoconstituents towards clinical application.