Therapeutic Potential of Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine: Molecular Mechanisms and Anti-Aging Applications

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), a biopolymer derived from DNA, predominantly sourced from salmon sperm, has garnered attention as a potential therapeutic agent in the realms of dermatology and aesthetic medicine. This interest is largely attributed to its regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristics. The mechanism of action of PDRN primarily involves the selective activation of adenosine A2A receptors, alongside complementary salvage pathways. Through these processes, PDRN facilitates collagen synthesis, promotes fibroblast proliferation, encourages angiogenesis, aids in DNA repair, and modulates inflammatory mediators. The body of evidence from both preclinical and clinical investigations underscores the efficacy of PDRN in enhancing skin elasticity, diminishing wrinkles, improving wound healing, reducing acne scars, stimulating hair growth, and alleviating hyperpigmentation. Moreover, its commendable safety profile and biocompatibility further bolster its potential for clinical application. This literature review aims to consolidate the existing knowledge surrounding the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic uses of PDRN within the context of anti-aging dermatology. However, despite the encouraging results, there remains a pressing need for additional research to establish standardized treatment protocols, ascertain optimal dosages, and assess long-term outcomes. In summary, PDRN stands as an innovative and adaptable asset in the fields of regenerative and aesthetic medicine, effectively bridging the gap between molecular biology and clinical practice in the quest for skin rejuvenation.