Highly Conductive and Durable MXene/CNC/PEDOT:PSS–PNIPAm Hydrogel for Bioinspired Self-Sensing Soft Actuators

), remarkable strain sensitivity (GF of 2.17 to 7.23), and outstanding durability. Leveraging these features, we realize reliable information encryption and storage, as well as wearable motion sensors capable of sensitive and precise motion detection. Moreover, the hydrogel system serves as an excellent platform for constructing high-performance self-sensing actuators. By inducing a gradient alignment of T-MXene/CNC-Vi under a direct-current (DC) electric field, we develop a shape-programmable hydrogel actuator that combines rapid responsiveness, remote light-driven actuation, and intrinsic self-sensing capability. This study not only provides a paradigm for designing advanced tactile and self-sensing materials but also establishes a foundation for achieving closed-loop, remotely controlled soft actuators for next-generation intelligent mechanical systems.