A comprehensive review of shared mobility for sustainable transportation systems

This study provides a comprehensive review of the significant elements in sustainable transportation systems with shared mobility. The main subsets of shared mobility includes ridesharing, carsharing, shared micromobility, on-demand ride services, and shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs). This paper revisits the related studies in the last decade since shared mobility spread via the emergence of smartphones and numerous applications. A framework is proposed to describe the shared mobility systems and understand the interactions among various elements in shared mobility systems, such as the supply and demand relationship between users and enterprises. Based on this framework, many fundamental research problems of shared mobility systems are summarized to cover travel behavior, enterprise supply, government policy, and sustainability. With the sustainability theme of shared mobility, we review the literature on the impacts of shared mobility on transportation sustainability. It is discovered that shared mobility has many advantages and improves urban transportation systems in many aspects, but these benefits vary with travel behavior and enterprise supply. We also discuss how government policies regulate travel behavior and enterprise supply in the sustainable development of urban transportation systems.