The earlier the better: instantaneous cutaneous concentration quantification at the time of application

Cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) can be quantified utilizing a myriad of in vitro and in vivo approaches. However, these techniques provide macroscale cPK for long experimental durations and do not provide cPK information from the moments directly after a topical formulation application, thus missing critical product dosing insight. Furthermore, formulations are typically applied for 5-10 minutes in the clinic and then removed (purposely or accidentally), which requires a high temporal and spatial resolution estimate of the early timepoint cPK. We have developed a 3-D printed applicator to address the unmet need for early time-point cPK quantification pertinent to the clinic.