This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Renewable Energy Powered Desalination Geothermal Energy Utilization Around the World The Rationale – Why Geothermal Desalination? Global Geothermal Desalination Potential Geothermal Desalination – State of the Art Desalination Process Selection Challenges and Considerations for Geothermal Desalination Implementation Techno-Economics of Geothermal Desalination Summary