Investigating Elderly Individuals’ Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Companion Robots: The Influence of Individual Characteristics

The emergence of AI companion robots is transforming the landscape of elderly care, offering numerous conveniences to senior citizens when their children are not around. This trend is particularly pertinent in ageing societies such as China. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to explore the acceptance of AI companion robots among the elderly from a user-centric perspective. By leveraging insights from existing studies in the literature, we identified three individual characteristic variables—technology optimism, innovativeness, and familiarity—to extend the Artificial Intelligence Device Use Acceptance (AIDUA) model. Subsequently, we developed a conceptual model which was empirically tested through structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. Our dataset comprised responses from 452 elderly individuals in China. The results revealed that technology optimism and innovativeness were positively associated with performance expectancy and effort expectancy, whereas familiarity inversely predicted perceived risk. Furthermore, emotion was found to be positively influenced by performance expectancy and effort expectancy but negatively impacted by perceived risk. This research extends the AIDUA model within the context of AI companion robots by integrating individual characteristic variables. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and development of companion robots and enrich the domain of Human–Robot Interaction (HRI).