Accelerating plasma and radiation surface science using transient grating spectroscopy

A facility for the investigation of in situ radiation-materials and plasma-materials interaction is demonstrated with tungsten, using transient grating spectroscopy as a probe of thermal diffusivity and surface acoustic wave speed. Helium plasma exposure at 645 °C to 1.18 × 1018 cm−2 helium, until the growth of tungsten fuzz, showed an increase in surface acoustic wave speed at the near-surface from 2542 ± 1 m s−1 up to 2565 ± 1 m s−1, followed by a greater drop to 2499 ± 7 m s−1. No observable change in thermal diffusivity was present for plasma exposure alone. A separate 10.26 MeV self-ion-irradiation of tungsten to a dose of 7.92 dpa showed a reduction in both thermal diffusivity from 61.4 ± 1.4 mm2 s−1 to 36.0 ± 0.7 mm2 s−1, following trends seen in existing studies, and surface acoustic wave speed from 2647.8 ± 0.6 m s−1 to 2640.0 ± 0.4 m s−1. Facilities like these are poised to rapidly close critical knowledge gaps regarding the coupled effects of plasma and radiation damage for materials in fusion systems.