Knoevenagel Synthesis and NMR Analysis of Stilbene Derivatives

A green laboratory experiment for the synthesis of substituted stilbenes via a Knoevenagel-type condensation reaction has been developed for undergraduate instruction. By incorporating several green chemistry principles, the modified procedure is operationally simple and can be completed within two typical lab periods. This experiment allows students to review and refine their mechanistic understanding and spectroscopic skills. Moreover, it is cost-effective and suitable for large groups, minimizing the financial burden on departmental budgets. The experiment serves as an effective pedagogical tool in promoting green chemistry in chemical education.