Toward 95.5% Efficient Red Emissive Carbon Dots: Oxidation State Enhancing Radiative Electron-Transition of Indole Fluorophore

Red fluorescence carbon dots (CDs) are promising for diverse applications and have attracted tremendous research interest. However, it is still challenging to achieve red fluorescence CDs with high fluorescence quantum yields (QYs > 50%). Herein, three kinds of red fluorescence CDs with QYs of 53.48, 85.21, and 59.18% are prepared. Benefiting from the oxidation induced by atmospheric-pressure O