Comprehensive review of Pluronic® polymers of different shapes with prominent applications in photodynamic therapy

In this review, we have highlighted different types of Pluronic® polymers for prominent photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. To begin with, we have provided the definition and mechanism of PDT and enumerate its advantages over other frequently used therapeutic modalities. We have also presented a detailed explanation of the structure and properties of Pluronic® polymers. After successfully introducing both PDT and Pluronic® materials, we have provided a detailed discussion of the different types of Pluronics® available, based on their shape, size, and morphologies. The dependence of the properties of the Pluronics® on temperature and morphology has also been elaborated, which is essential for understanding the applicability of Pluronics® in the field of biomedicine. Next, the mechanism of PDT has been illustrated in detail, which is followed by an expanded analysis of the requisite properties of photosensitizers (PS) for efficient PDT, including discussions on the triplet excited-state lifetimes of the PSs, facile intersystem crossing (ISC), and other excited-state properties. Thus, we have provided a detailed discussion on the morphological effects on the physicochemical properties in this review.