Effect of Spherical WC Content on the Microstructure and Properties of SiCp Aluminium Composite Material

In this paper, SiCp aluminium matrix composites were used as the matrix, and AlSi10Mg powder, which has a relatively similar coefficient of thermal expansion to that of the matrix, was used to prepare laser cladding Al-based coatings. The results show that the optimal process parameters are P = 4400 W, Vf = 11.3 g·min−1, and VS = 1800 mm·min−1, and, although the hardness of the coatings is lower than the hardness of the substrate, it reduces the generation of defects such as cracks and porosity. With the increase in WC reinforced phase and the hardness of the coatings, wear resistance increases, the granular cytocrysts are transformed into rod-like cytocrysts, and at the same time generate the dendritic crystals, and the undergo grain refining and generate the new phases such as Al4C3, Al4SiC4. There is no obvious defect in AlSi10Mg + 40%WC coatings, the macro morphology of the coatings is good, there is no spalling in the friction wear morphology, and the wear resistance is excellent, but there are obvious cracks and obvious spalling in the coatings of AlSi10Mg + 60%WC. Compared to the matrix hardness of 171.61 HV, the hardness of the 20%WC cladding layer increased by a factor of 1.06, while the hardness of the 40%WC cladding layer increased by a factor of 1.65 and that of the 60%WC cladding layer increased by a factor of 1.8. In terms of wear, compared to a substrate wear amount of 9.36 mg, the wear for the 20%WC cladding layer was reduced to 6.13 mg (34.5% less than the substrate), for the 40%WC cladding layer it was reduced to 4.58 mg (51.06% less than the substrate), and for the 60%WC cladding layer it was reduced to 7.35 mg (21.47% less than the substrate). The quality of the coatings decreases although the hardness is higher than that of AlSi10Mg + 40%WC. The comprehensive performance of AlSi10Mg + 40%WC coatings is optimal.